The wild water buffalo, or Bubalus arnee, is a keystone species found in Manas National Park, Assam, and is among the rarest large mammals in South Asia. This critically endangered species holds immense conservation value due to its role in maintaining the ecological balance within its habitat, as its grazing patterns shape grassland ecosystems and benefit various other species. Manas National Park provides one of the last strongholds for this species in India, hosting a significant population in its riverine grasslands and wetlands.
Despite its importance, the wild water buffalo faces severe threats from habitat loss, interbreeding with domestic buffalo, and poaching. The species is particularly vulnerable to these pressures due to its limited range and declining genetic diversity. Conservation efforts in Manas, including habitat restoration, anti-poaching patrols, and strict regulations on livestock grazing, are crucial to its survival. Protecting the wild water buffalo also supports the biodiversity of Manas, a UNESCO World Heritage site, as its survival is closely tied to the health of the park’s entire ecosystem. Conservation of this species exemplifies the broader impact of protecting a single keystone species, ensuring the persistence of diverse flora and fauna in Manas National Park.
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